1. Južnoafrička muškatla (Pelargonium sidoides)
Deluje trostruko: antivirusno, antibakterijski i sekretomotorno.
- >80% pacijenata potpuno se oporavlja i vraća aktivnostima do sedam dana.
- Do 500% veća šansa za potpuni prestanak kašlja u prvih sedam dana.
- 50% do 70% brži pad ukupne težine svih simptoma unutar prva 4 dana.
- 30% do 40% skraćeno vreme: Provedeno u krevetu tokom infekcije.
- >40% manja potreba za dodatnim analgeticima i antipireticima.
2. Crna zova i Kvercetin
Snažan blokator ulaska virusa uz prirodni jonofor koji unosi cink u ćelije.
- 93,3% pacijenata: Prijavljuje značajno ublažavanje svih simptoma gripa unutar 48
sati. - 47% skraćenje prehlade i 50% manja težina simptoma pri preventivnoj upotrebi
- 50% do 56% skraćenje ukupnog trajanja virusa gripa.
- Do 90% blokada vezivanja virusnih čestica za ćelije.
- Do 90% manja incidencija infekcija kod osoba pod ekstremnim fizičkim stresom zahvaljujući kvercetinu.
- >300% povećan unos cinka unutar zaražene ćelije.
- Do 20 puta veća apsorpcija kvercetina kada se veže za vitamin C.
3. Zvezdasti anis (Illicium verum)
Izvor šikiminske kiseline i snažan antibakterijski agens.
- 80% do 90% inhibicija virusne replikacije uz prisustvo kvercetina.
- >95% zaustavljanje rasta respiratornih bakterija.
- Preko 90% inhibicije rasta oportunističkih gljivica.
- 60% do 70% neutralizacija slobodnih radikala na sluzokoži.
- 40% do 50% manje oslobađanje proinflamatornih citokina.
4. Vitamin C (Askorbinska kiselina)
Zaštitnik imunih ćelija i stabilizator.
- 18% do 21% skraćenje trajanja bolesti pri ranoj primeni visokih doza.
- Do 80% manji rizik od razvoja upale pneumonije u specifičnim grupama.
- Do 10.000% veća koncentracija u belim krvnim zrncima u odnosu na plazmu.
- 200% produženje poluživota kvercetina sprečavanjem njegovog raspadanja.
5. Cink (Acetat)
Direktan inhibitor virusne RNA-polimeraze i blokator receptora.
- 36% do 42% skraćenje ukupnog trajanja prehlade.
- 46% brži prestanak kašlja.
- 34% brži prestanak curenja i začepljenosti nosa.
- Do 50% manja potreba za antibioticima sprečavanjem sekundarnih komplikacija.
- 30% do 40% brža regeneracija oštećenog epitela gornjih disajnih puteva.
Reference
Južnoafrička muškatla (Pelargonium sidoides)
• Michaelis M, et al. „Investigation of the antiviral activity of EPs 7630 against influenza A viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human coronavirus, parainfluenza virus and coxsackievirus.“ Phytomedicine, 2011;18(5):384-386.
• Bereznoy VV, et al. „Efficacy and safety of EPs 7630 in children with acute non-GABHS tonsillopharyngitis.“ Phytomedicine, 2003;10(Suppl 4):16-22.
• Bachert C, et al. „Treatment of acute rhinosinusitis with the preparation from Pelargonium sidoides EPs 7630: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.“ Rhinology, 2009;47(1):51-58.
• Matthys, H., & Lehmacher, W. (2007). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study on EPs 7630 Phytomedicine, 14(7), 46-53.
• Chuchalin AG, et al. „Treatment of acute bronchitis in adults with a Pelargonium sidoides preparation (EPs 7630): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.“ Explore (NY), 2005;1(6):437-445.
• Riley DS, et al. „Treatment with EPs 7630, a Pelargonium Sidoides Root Extract, Is Effective and Safe in Patients with Common Cold.“ Frontiers in Pharmacology / Clinical Trials, 2018.
• Lizogub, V. G., Riley, D. S., & Heger, M. (2007). Efficacy of a Pelargonium sidoides preparation (EPs 7630) in patients with the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Explore, 3(6), 573-584.
• Timmer A, et al. „Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections.“ Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013.
• Matthys H, et al. „Effects of EPs 7630 on the duration of inability to work in acute bronchitis – a meta-analysis.“ Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, 2023.
• Kamin W, et al. „Efficacy and tolerability of EPs 7630 in children and adolescents with acute bronchitis.“ Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2010.
• Kolodziej H, et al. „Pharmacological activities of Pelargonium sidoides and its constituents in cell-free and cellular systems.“ Phytomedicine, 2003;10(Suppl 4):18-24.
• Neugebauer P, et al. „A modern plant extract increases the ciliary beat frequency of human ciliated respiratory epithelium cells in vitro.“ Phytomedicine, 2005;12(1-2):46-51.
Crna zova (Sambucus nigra)
• Zakay-Rones, Z., Varsano, N., Zlotnik, M., Manor, O., Regev, L., Schlesinger, M., & Mumcuoglu, M. (1995). Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B Panama. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 1(4), 361-369.
• Zakay-Rones Z, et al. „Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections.“ Journal of International Medical Research, 2004;32(2):132-140.
• Tiralongo E, et al. „Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.“ Nutrients, 2016;8(4):182.
• Torabian, S., Valtchev, P., Adil, Q., & Dehghani, F. (2019). Anti-influenza activity of elderberry (Sambucus nigra). Journal of Functional Foods, 54, 353-360.
• Hawkins J, et al. „Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.“ Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2019;42:361-365.
• Roschek B Jr, et al. „Elderberry flavonoids bind to and prevent H1N1 infection in vitro.“ Phytochemistry, 2009;70(10):1255-1261.
• Krawitz C, et al. „Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses.“ BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011;11:16.
• Barak V, et al. „The effect of Sambucol, a black elderberry-based natural product, on the production of human cytokines: I. Inflammatory cytokines.“ European Cytokine Network, 2001;12(2):290-296.
Kvercetin i cink – jonoformni mehanizmi
• Dabbagh-Bazarbachi, H., Clergeaud, G., Quesada, I. M., Ortiz, M., O’Sullivan, C. K., & Fernández-Larrea, J. B. (2014). Zinc ionophore activity of quercetin and epigallocatechin-gallate: from Hepa 1-6 cells to a liposome model. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(32), 8085-8093.
• Nieman, D. C., Henson, D. A., Davis, J. M., et al. (2010). Quercetin’s influence on exercise-induced changes in plasma cytokine levels and immune function in athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(7), 1198-1205.
Zvezdasti anis (Illicium verum)
• Wang, L., Yang, Y., Wang, X., et al. (2008). Shikimic acid and quercetin combination against avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 6(2), 112-115.
• Yang, J. F., et al. (2011). Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of essential oil from Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) against foodborne pathogens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 136(1), 168-174.
• Sung, Y. Y., Kim, D. S., & Kim, H. K. (2012). Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Illicium verum Essential Oil in Murine Models. Molecules, 17(9), 10850-10861.
Vitamin C i cink acetat
• Hemilä, H., & Chalker, E. (2013). Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1), CD000980.
• Hemilä, H., Fitzgerald, J. T., Petrusk, E. J., & Prasad, A. S. (2017). Zinc Acetate Lozenges May Improve the Recovery Rate of Common Cold Patients: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 4(2), ofx059.
• Hemilä H. „Zinc lozenges and the common cold: a meta-analysis comparing zinc acetate and zinc gluconate, and the role of zinc dose.“ JRSM Open, 2017;8(5):2054270417694291.
• Hemilä H, et al. „Zinc acetate lozenges for treating the common cold: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.“ British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2016;82(5):1393-1398.
• Carr AC, Maggini S. „Vitamin C and Immune Function.“ Nutrients, 2017;9(11):1211.
• Hemilä H. „Vitamin C and Infections.“ Nutrients, 2017;9(4):339.
• Hemilä H, Chalker E. „The effectiveness of vitamin C for the common cold may depend on the dose: a meta-analysis.“ Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2019;112(10):397-402.